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Brad Horton : Co-Inventor of the SonicFinder 1000

Brad Horton, VP of Sales at Solinas Technologies, has dedicated his career to finding what you can’t see – a common challenge for utilities locating buried assets. 
Horton’s journey into the locating industry began in 1989, when he started working for contract locators, spending his days tracking down buried pipes and cables for municipal and utility clients. Horton recalls, “It was hands-on work that gave me an intimate understanding of the frustrations that would later drive serious technological innovation.”
By the mid-1990s, Horton had transitioned to the manufacturing side, selling locators and gaining insight into the technology’s limitations. This dual perspective—as both user and vendor—would prove invaluable when he co-founded Solinas Technologies and co-invented the SonicFinder 1000.

The Problem That Wouldn’t Go Away

For decades, the utility industry has wrestled with a stubborn problem: how to locate non-metallic pipes buried underground. Traditional electromagnetic locating works well for metal pipes, but plastic, PVC, concrete, and other non-metallic materials are essentially invisible to conventional equipment.

“The difficulty with locating non-metallic, non-traceable pipes using electromagnetic locating,” Horton explains, “is that your fallback is ground penetrating radar, and ground penetrating radar has limitations to the soil types that it works in.”

When ground penetrating radar (GPR) fails, which it often does in certain soil conditions, contractors have been known to use dowsing or “witching” with bent wire coat hangers. “Most gas companies do not allow you to use this methodology because it’s so wonky and archaic,” Horton notes, though he admits the practice is surprisingly common on job sites.

The consequences of this technological gap are serious. Without reliable locating methods, contractors often resort to exploratory digging, turning a precision operation into expensive guesswork. “If you’re going to roll out a 2½-ton dump truck with a lowboy trailer and a backhoe and four guys, you’ve got $10,000 digging that hole at a minimum,” Horton points out.

The financial costs pale in comparison to the safety risks. Horton describes the worst-case scenario with the gravity of someone who’s seen it happen: “You could strike a gas line, pull the line out of the bottom of the meter set, get gas in the house and end up with an explosion. That’s what everybody wants to avoid.”

Even water lines pose significant challenges. Damage means expensive repairs, project delays, and in the worst cases, flooded roads or compromised infrastructure. The liability issues have led most major utilities to outsource locating work to contractors, shifting the risk and responsibility to third parties.

The Game Changer

After two years of research and development, Horton and his partner, Aris Bates at Solinas Technologies, created the SonicFinder 1000, a device that uses acoustic technology to locate non-metallic pipes without the limitations of traditional methods.

The technology’s success rate is impressive. “We’re probably 85 to 90% accurate when we go out to find these pipes,” Horton reports. Some users are seeing even better results. A contractor in Perth, Australia, achieved a 100% success rate locating gas service lines over his first month and a half with the device. Similarly, an operator in southern Ohio working with water lines reports perfect success in his favorable soil conditions.

What sets the SonicFinder apart isn’t just its effectiveness, but its simplicity. “It’s easy to learn how to use,” Horton says. He’s trained experienced locators in as little as one hour via video call, while field training typically takes two to three hours. Even complete novices can be trained in a single day.

Here’s how it work. The field personnel access a gas or water meter outside of house and quick connects the receiver (listening device) onto the service. They then move toward the buried asset with the portable transmitter which creates an acoustic condition. The transmitter will indicate when they have located the service of interest via communication back to the receiver. The person marks out the buried pipe asset in a series of passes, and then quickly and easily de-mobilizes and moves to the next site.

SonicFinder Saves the Day

Perhaps no story illustrates the technology’s impact better than an emergency call Horton received during a demonstration. A local gas company had a broken tracer wire on a 120-foot gas service crossing under a busy road. When Horton arrived, he found a small army of workers: four gas company employees, traffic control contractors, and heavy equipment including a dump truck, trailer, and backhoe.

The crew had already dug a massive hole—five feet deep, eight feet wide, and six feet long—and were digging in the wrong direction. “I hooked up the SonicFinder 1000, located it across the road about a foot and a half to the west of their existing hole,” Horton recalls. “They repositioned the backhoe, started digging to the west where I’d indicated, and in about 15-20 minutes, they found the wire.”

Horton estimates the original excavation cost around $12,000-$15,000, factoring in equipment, personnel, and traffic control. Had they used the SonicFinder first, the job could have been completed with two workers and shovels, eliminating the need for heavy equipment and traffic disruption entirely.

The impact was immediate: that same gas company convinced their contract locator to purchase three SonicFinder units.

The Bigger Picture

For Horton, the technology represents more than just a better tool—it’s a fundamental shift in how the industry approaches underground utility work. “We’ve had two longtime locator sales organization leaders, people with 30-plus years experience, say this is potentially industry changing,” said Horton.

The device fills a critical gap in the industry’s toolkit. “It’s not a silver bullet,” Horton acknowledges, “but an excellent next arrow in the quiver if electromagnetic locating doesn’t work, if GPR does not work in the geographic area you’re in.”

As VP of Sales, Horton spends much of his time training resellers and working directly with customers to demonstrate the technology. “Every customer who’s purchased the device reports satisfaction, and many describe it as transformational for their operations,” says Horton.

The technology works on everything from gas services to 36-inch concrete pipes, and success stories are accumulating. For an industry that has struggled with the same fundamental problem for decades, the SonicFinder 1000 represents a genuine breakthrough.

As Horton puts it, “There’s not a single person that has buyer’s remorse or regret. It is absolutely a game changer.” For contractors tired of playing underground guessing games, that might be the most important testimonial of all.


 

About Solinas Technologies:

At Solinas Technologies our mission is to develop locating technologies, where no locating has been possible, with a focus on public safety. We have two primary technologies:  Accurate location of plastic pipe without tracer wire installed on it has long been an issue for both gas and water utilities. While acoustical methods have been used in the past to find plastic pipe, they have had only limited effectiveness. We have developed a new innovative patented technology for plastic pipe location using acoustics that is both fast and effective.  An acoustic technology to rapidly locate and document the location of Lead Service Lines (LSL’s) to help water utilities prioritize them for replacement. The technology works by placing an acoustic executor and transducer on a service key. There is no need to enter the house or building, making the technology very efficient and fast to implement.

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Solinas Technologies Appoints Timothy Preager as Chief Operating Officer

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE : 2024.06.14

Calgary, Alberta, Canada – Solinas Technologies, an emerging leader in innovative acoustic pipe location technology, is pleased to announce the appointment of Timothy Preager as Chief Operating Officer (COO). Tim joins Solinas from Aercoustics Engineering Ltd., where he served as Vice President and Principal for over 18 years, bringing a wealth of experience in acoustic, noise, and vibration product engineering as well as strategic growth leadership and operational excellence.

Tim Preager’s tenure at Aercoustics was marked by significant contributions to the company’s expansion and innovation. His natural leadership, deep technical knowledge, and strategic insights were pivotal in enhancing operational efficiencies and driving growth. At Solinas, Tim will focus on scaling the company’s groundbreaking technology and spearheading commercialization efforts.

Marc Bracken, CEO of Solinas Technologies, expressed his excitement about Tim’s arrival: “We are thrilled to welcome Tim Preager to Solinas. His extensive background in acoustic technologies and proven leadership skills make him the perfect fit for our team at this pivotal stage. Tim’s expertise will be instrumental as we scale our operations to effectively bring our novel pipe location technology to market.”

Tim will oversee the daily operations at Solinas Technologies, ensuring that the company’s innovative solutions are effectively developed and deployed. His role will be crucial in advancing Solinas’ mission to revolutionize the pipe location industry with state-of-the-art acoustic technology.

“I am beyond excited to join Solinas Technologies and reunite with my previous business partner Marc Bracken,” said Tim. “Solinas has developed pipe location technology that is truly next-level and to be part of its growth trajectory at this early stage is an incredible opportunity.”

For more information about Solinas Technologies and its innovative products, please visit www.solinastechnologies.com.

Media Contact: press@solinastechnologies.com

About Solinas Technologies:

At Solinas Technologies our mission is to develop locating technologies, where no locating has been possible, with a focus on public safety. We have two primary technologies:  Accurate location of plastic pipe without tracer wire installed on it has long been an issue for both gas and water utilities. While acoustical methods have been used in the past to find plastic pipe, they have had only limited effectiveness. We have developed a new innovative patented technology for plastic pipe location using acoustics that is both fast and effective.  An acoustic technology to rapidly locate and document the location of Lead Service Lines (LSL’s) to help water utilities prioritize them for replacement. The technology works by placing an acoustic executor and transducer on a service key. There is no need to enter the house or building, making the technology very efficient and fast to implement.

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Solinas Technologies Receives Cleveland Water Alliance Open Innovation Award

Release Date: September 14, 2023 

Solinas Technologies is thrilled to announce we have been selected by the prestigious Cleveland Water Alliance 2023 Open Innovation Challenge seeking innovative solutions to detect underground lead, copper, or galvanized steel pipes.

Established in 2014, Cleveland Water Alliance is a recognized authority in nurturing innovation for the water sector. CWA’s strength lies in a robust testbed infrastructure and distinguished industry expertise, all dedicated to advancing market-driven innovation and sustainable solutions for water-related challenges. CWA’s commitment is underscored by an investment exceeding $500,000 in early-stage innovations.

The CWA’s 2023 Open Innovation Challenge aims to find solutions that can detect service lines or pipes made from lead, copper, or galvanized steel, which are buried underground between commercial and residential properties and the water main. The challenge was open to innovators with early stage concepts and does not require a complete solution or prototype.

The 2023 Open Innovation Challenge extends beyond financial incentives. It provides a global platform for innovators, granting access to grant funding and potential buyers. Participants gain exclusive access to testbeds, enabling them to validate market-driven innovations in partnership with industry leaders.

Judges participated from the following organizations:

  • Cleveland Water
  • City of Sandusky, Ohio
  • Water Works of Cincinnatti, Ohio
  • City of Akron, Ohio
  • AQUA

Solinas will use the development grant and auxillary services as part of the award to further existing work leveraging acoustic engineering principles and advanced signal processing to differentiate between buried material types. The premise of the Solinas Technologies patent pending approach is that copper and Lead service lines and galvanized material have drastically different mechanical properties and physical geometries. Their different densities, elasticity, diameter, and thickness contribute to the pipe’s vastly different natural frequencies. With our technology we can excite these pipes at their natural frequencies and successfully identify their unique acoustic signatures which allows us to easily identify lead copper galvanized or even mixed pipe systems without interruption of the water supply or access to the home.

We are very appreciative of the support offered by the Cleveland Water Alliance and look forward to working alongside with the Alliance in the waterline research facility to further our understanding of acoustic behaviors in different soil types and geographies.

The Solinas Technologies vision is that our device would provide the final material type confirmation before a shovel is put in the ground.

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The Lead Pipe Problem (and Opportunity)

A systemic lack of documentation detailing where lead service lines (LSLs) are used to deliver water to homes is a challenge that plagues many cities across North America. This is particularly acute in the eastern Provinces and mid-Western States of Canada and the U.S.  

In many cities, lead services were still the default material type used through the 1950’s, and in some cases into the 1980’s. Furthermore, incomplete records of replaced services have left thousands of properties with completely unknown pipe material. The EPA alone estimates the population of LSLs in the U.S. to be near 10M. On a utility level, the scale of infrastructure that must be located, inspected, documented, and replaced is truly monumental.

On top of a lack of documentation, homeowners are often responsible to replace the private side of the service themselves through independent contracting, while the utility must replace the public side. Site inspections which may require entering private residences or excavation to determine pipe materials are often difficult to coordinate, thus increasing cost.

Legacy Approaches

To address this issue, in 2021, the US Environmental Protection Agency revised its policies for utilities and community water systems so that they must, effective October 2024, have initial steps in place to develop a complete inventory of Lead Service Lines (LSLs). The Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (2023) added further intensity to these efforts, requiring every lead service to be located, and removed, over the next decade.

So how would utilities try to establish the material type of a service, or understand if it is an LSL? There are several methodologies currently being used to identify LSL’s which we will briefly review.

  • The first source would be historical records, if they exist, on where lead is and is not.
  • The second would be customer driven data, such as inspection reports, insurance, or any other documentation provided by a homeowner which could validate the existence of a lead service.
  • Another method is water quality sampling, where higher concentrations of lead could indicate a lead service, but could also be due to other sources, such as lead-brass fixtures like faucets and valves or lead soldered to join pipes pre-1990.
  • If pipe is exposed, the natural softness and pliability of lead makes it easy to scratch, and it’s non-magnetic, but then again copper is also non-magnetic.
  • Camera testing could be used to attempt to visually identify lead services but is difficult and requires access to insert equipment into the service line.
  • Data science methods using historical geography-based data is a fascinating approach to predict the location of lead services but is inherently unreliable unless it’s founded on a solid data base to train learning algorithms. It could be used more as a higher-level search tool but wouldn’t likely operate on a case-by-case basis.
  • Finally, you can always just excavate down to the buried pipe and see if it’s lead, whether by scratch test or visual inspection.

Each of these options poses one or several problems, whether it be expense, intrusiveness, reliability, or consistency in some cases.

Time for a Novel Approach

By applying acoustic theory to water service lead identification, we are effectively trying to use the different physical properties of the different service material types, to manifest themselves by acting as a medium for transporting acoustic waves. As you can imagine, a peice of copper service (light, thin-walled, ringy) will act very differently to a piece of lead service (heavy, thick-walled, absorbant).

There are different ways that could theoretically be used to determine material:

  • Velocity testing: Measure the speed of structural waves. Requires two points of measurement, so access to the inside of the residence is required. Would be difficult to perform an assessment if the pipe has multiple materials
  • Frequency spectrum analysis (FSA): Excite service at the fundamental resonant frequencies and measure the responses.
FIG1: Leadfinder1000 early prototype

Our approach leverages frequency spectrum analysis, which when applied correctly allows us to avoid two direct points of measurement on the service. Therefore, no entry is required into the home, a huge benefit to the utility for approaching this challenge with scale. Executed through a shaker and deployment of a series of sensors in proximity to the service, will be able to capture the representative characteristics of the service type below each sensor. We believe that our methodology will determine the presence and extent of mixed services, for example a stranded piece of lead between two pieces of copper.

One of our testing protocols involves shaking the service via the curb stop a predetermined frequency, known to excite a response from either the copper, or the lead, based on emprical data collected in the field. The excited frequency transmits down the service and into the soil, such that a series of sensors can capture the representative response along the service. Applying mathematical techniques to process the data, such as a time averaged Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we are able to see a profile of the signal response at a point in question, for our target frequencies.

FIG2: Time Average FFT of Lead and Copper

Initial testing makes us confident that we are able to determine the material make up of services along the water main to private home, including the presence of mixed material types.

Acoustics in the broader infrastructure technology market

The application of acoustic principles for determining the condition of a pipeline (or other) asset, or for determining the presence of location of a leak on a pipeline (or other) asset, has become common practice wihtin the municipal water sector. These principles, and the exciters (noise sources) and sensors (signal receivers) that manefest in products and applications, have been applied by acoustic engineers and product companies on a variety of applications across a diverse set of sectors, including oil & gas, mining, transport, civil, aviation, and many more. Our SonicFinder1000 product is applying similar principles to the challenge of locating buried, un-marked plastic water and gas services.

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The Plastic Pipe Problem (and Opportunity)

When plastics emerged as a key material for construction and infrastructure projects in the aftermath of the Second World War, no one was quite ready for how quickly it would become a dominant material type for pipeline infrastructure. Two variants, PVC and HDPE, were particularly well suited for pipeline construction, and were first crafted into water and gas mains in the 1950s. Many thousands of miles of pipeline were installed in the growth years of 1950s and 1960s.  

However, only in the late 1960’s did utilities realize that they had a problem – they could no longer locate the metallic water or gas mains using magnetic locators. They were effectively blind to where they had installed these plastic pipeline assets, and in the late 1960s they started to lay tracer wire on top of the plastic pipe for locating purposes. While effective, early tracer wire had corrosion issues which weren’t addressed for almost a decade.

The net result is that today many utilities operate hundreds of miles of plastic gas and water mains that create locating challenges every time a utility locate is required. For gas operators, a faulty or mis-located utility could cause serious damage, bodily harm, and risk to their license to operate.

Legacy Approaches

Industry has been developing novel technologies to try and locate un-marked buried plastic pipeline for years, and some progress has been made. The most popular categories of solutions are as follows:

  • Ground Penetrating Radar: Typically mounted on a cart due to the size and weight of the technology, GPR is quite affective in the right conditions. Unfortunately, it has limitations in many soil types, potentially upwards of 70% of the common soils found in N.A. False positives can result from an incorrect measurement in poor soil conditions.
  • (Electronic) Witching Rods: The concepts of witching have long been in the back pocket of many a locator. Efforts to digitalize and make into a product have been received by a skeptical locating community.
  • Acoustic Devices: Come in a few shapes and sizes, from devices that impart a tapping force onto the pipeline directly, and listen along the pipe, to devices that generate a sound and receive a bounce-back signal all in the same enclosure, measuring location and depth. Another solution requires positioning a sensor directly into the gas stream and measuring the effect on gas molecules. The range of intrusiveness varies, and so does efficacy.

Time for a Novel Approach

FIG1. Equipment Required

By reframing and simplifying acoustic theories to plastic pipeline locating, we believe that a new way to locate is possible. Here’s how:

  • Charge up your field replaceable and fully rechargeable standard batteries for the SF1000 the night before you head out locating.

  • Once onsite, access the pipeline asset via an exposed point – typically the gas meter (if gas main) or a hydrant (if water main). A variety of access points exist depending on the utility, and the pipeline you are locating. Connect the receiver (the listening device) on the gas service.
  • FIG2. SonicFinder1000 display

    Once paired with the transmitter, you move toward the buried asset with the portable transmitter which creates an acoustic condition. Once the transmitter hovers over the service of interest, the device will indicate that you are in fact locating the pipe via the transfer of the noise generated back to the listening device.

  • Mark out the buried pipe asset in a series of passes, and de-mobilize to the next site.

[Schematic from the brochure, SF1000 with parts labelled]

Our Advantages

The SonicFinder1000 is a step change towards efficient, and consistent, location of plastic pipes. Some highlights include:

  • Works in a broad variety of soils, making it much more versatile than the ground penetrating radar carts
  • Proven to be reliably accurate
  • Acoustic technology allows for process signal filtering and frequency targeting
  • Advanced version of our technology will automatically create a virtual asset in a GIS platform (e.g. Esri)

Simply put, it works.